Impression fraud
Impression fraud, also known as display fraud, is a type of mobile ad fraud that creates fake ad views. This type of fraud causes severe problems for advertisers and ad networks that run ads based on CPM payment model, as it can lead to them paying for ad space that is not being seen by real users.
Impression fraud can be implemented through bots, automated scripts that mimic the behavior of real users, and artificially inflate ad metrics. For example, a fraudster might use a bot to repeatedly load an ad on a website, creating the appearance that the ad has been viewed by a large number of people.
Fraudsters also use malware to commit impression fraud. This malware is designed to hide on a user's device and automatically load ads in the background, creating the appearance that the ad has been viewed by a real person.